Enter latitude and longitude for both points. The Haversine formula calculates the exact as the crow flies distance accounting for Earth's curvature.
Our distance calculator uses the Haversine formula for geographic coordinates and specialized formulas for TV, projector, and specialty calculations.
Use our driving distance calculator or flight distance calculator to get estimated distances. Below are common city-pair straight-line distances as a quick reference for route distance calculator planning.
Our free distance calculator and run distance calculator is more complete than Google Maps distance calculator, MapQuest, and other distance calculator map tools — because it offers 6 specialized modes in one place. The coordinate distance calculator uses the Haversine formula for accurate straight-line (as the crow flies distance calculator) between any two latitude/longitude points on Earth. The travel distance calculator estimates driving distance, walking distance, running distance, flight path distance, and sea route distance using proven multipliers. Plus specialty calculators for TV viewing, projector throw, pupillary distance, and golf club carry distances.
The driving distance calculator and driving mileage calculator estimate actual road distance by multiplying straight-line distance by a 1.3 route multiplier. This is because roads must follow terrain, existing infrastructure, and legal routes. A straight-line distance of 100 km becomes approximately 130 km by road. For distance conversion calculator needs — converting km to miles, meters to feet, or nautical miles — our results panel shows all units simultaneously. For earth distance calculator purposes using our Haversine coordinate mode, any two points on Earth's surface can be calculated. For precise calculate driving distance between two locations, use our coordinate mode to get the straight-line base, then apply the driving multiplier. Our road trip distance calculator, mileage calculator, km distance calculator, and miles distance calculator use this same approach. Use the travel time and distance calculator mode to see estimated travel time alongside distance. For exact road distances, the google maps distance calculator online (Google Maps) provides actual route data.
Straight-line distance (Haversine): 130 km (81 miles)
Estimated driving distance (× 1.3): 169 km (105 miles)
Actual road distance (I-95): ~152 km (94 miles)
Driving time at 100 km/h: ~1.7 hours · At 60 mph: ~1.6 hours
A distance calculator with map like Google Maps gives the most accurate walking route. Our travel distance and time calculator estimates both distance and travel time for walking, running, cycling, driving, and flying. Our walking distance calculator and running distance calculator estimate path distance using a 1.2 multiplier over straight-line distance. This accounts for sidewalks, pedestrian routes, and path deviations. For a walking distance calculator by address, you would need to know the straight-line distance first using our coordinate mode. Average walking speed: 5 km/h (3.1 mph) — so a 10 km estimated walking distance takes approximately 2 hours. Our running distance calculator by route uses the same distance estimate but shows completion time at your running pace. A walking route distance of 5 km takes roughly 60 minutes at normal pace.
The flight distance calculator and flight path distance estimator uses the straight-line (great circle) distance multiplied by 1.1 to account for non-direct flight paths. Our flight distance between airports calculator and straight line distance between cities tool uses the Haversine formula on airport/city coordinates. New York (JFK) to London (LHR) great circle distance: 5,570 km (3,461 miles). Actual flight path is approximately 5,800–6,100 km due to jet streams and routing. Flight time: approximately 7 hours eastbound, 8 hours westbound due to headwinds.
The sea distance calculator and sea route distance calculator multiplies straight-line distance by 1.4 because ships must navigate around coastlines, through straits, and avoid shallow waters. The actual sea route can be significantly longer than the geographic straight-line distance. Shipping routes use designated maritime lanes — our sea distance calculator gives an approximation useful for planning purposes. For precise maritime navigation distances, specialized nautical chart software is recommended.
The TV viewing distance calculator and TV distance calculator determines optimal seating distance based on screen size and resolution. Formula: For 4K: Distance = Screen Size (inches) × 1.0 to 1.5. For 1080p: Distance = Screen Size × 1.5 to 2.5. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) recommends a 30-degree viewing angle, which translates to approximately 1.6× the screen width. A 65-inch 4K TV has a recommended viewing distance of 5.4–8.1 feet (1.65–2.47 meters).
55" 4K TV: Recommended 4.6–6.9 ft (1.4–2.1 m) · Minimum 3.8 ft (1.1 m)
65" 4K TV: Recommended 5.4–8.1 ft (1.65–2.5 m) · Minimum 4.5 ft (1.37 m)
75" 4K TV: Recommended 6.3–9.4 ft (1.9–2.9 m) · Minimum 5.2 ft (1.6 m)
55" 1080p TV: Recommended 6.9–11.5 ft (2.1–3.5 m) · Minimum 5.5 ft (1.7 m)
The projector throw distance calculator and projector distance calculator formula: Throw Distance = Screen Width × Throw Ratio. Screen Width = Screen Diagonal × 0.872 (16:9 aspect). For a 120-inch screen: Width = 120 × 0.872 = 104.6 inches. With 1.5:1 throw ratio: Throw distance = 104.6 × 1.5 = 156.9 inches = 13.1 feet (3.99 m). Ultra short throw projectors (0.4–0.6:1) can sit 2–4 feet from the screen. Short throw (0.7–0.9:1) at 4–6 feet. Standard projectors (1.2–2.0:1) typically 8–20 feet depending on screen size.
The pupillary distance calculator and vertex distance calculator measures the distance between the centers of your pupils in millimeters. Binocular PD = Right Monocular PD + Left Monocular PD. Average adult binocular PD: men 64mm, women 62mm. Range: 54–74mm. To measure at home: hold a ruler against your forehead, close your right eye, align 0mm with your left pupil center, then open and close eyes to measure to the right pupil center. Monocular PD is needed for progressive lenses and high-prescription glasses. Our pupillary distance calculator shows your binocular PD and recommended near PD (binocular PD minus 3mm).
The golf club distance calculator estimates carry distance for each club based on swing speed. Driver distance ≈ Swing Speed (mph) × 2.3–2.5. At 90 mph: Driver ≈ 207–225 yards, 5-iron ≈ 154–168 yards, 7-iron ≈ 131–143 yards, 9-iron ≈ 108–118 yards, Pitching Wedge ≈ 86–94 yards. Increasing swing speed by 10 mph adds approximately 23–28 yards to driver distance. Our golf club distance calculator shows estimated carry distances for all 14 clubs at any swing speed, helping with club selection and course management.
Tip — Latitude/Longitude Distance Calculator: To find coordinates for any city, search "[city name] coordinates" or right-click on Google Maps to see lat/lon. Enter those coordinates in our latitude longitude distance calculator above for the exact geographic distance calculator result using the Haversine formula. The coordinate distance calculator result is always the true straight-line ("crow fly distance") — actual travel distance will be longer depending on route.
Quick reference for the travel distance calculator and flight distance calculator. All distances calculated via Haversine formula (straight-line / crow fly distance).
| City Pair | Straight-Line (km) | Straight-Line (mi) | Driving Est. (km) | Flight (approx.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New York → Los Angeles | 3,940 km | 2,448 mi | ~4,490 km | ~5.5 hr |
| London → Paris | 341 km | 212 mi | ~460 km | ~1.25 hr |
| Dubai → Mumbai | 1,934 km | 1,202 mi | — | ~3 hr |
| Sydney → Melbourne | 713 km | 443 mi | ~878 km | ~1.5 hr |
| Karachi → Islamabad | 1,166 km | 725 mi | ~1,354 km | ~2 hr |
| Lagos → Nairobi | 3,664 km | 2,277 mi | — | ~5 hr |
| São Paulo → Buenos Aires | 1,767 km | 1,098 mi | ~2,200 km | ~3 hr |
| Beijing → Shanghai | 1,068 km | 664 mi | ~1,270 km | ~2.5 hr |
| Toronto → Montreal | 504 km | 313 mi | ~541 km | ~1.25 hr |
| Cairo → Riyadh | 1,745 km | 1,084 mi | — | ~3 hr |
Answers about calculate distance online, Haversine formula, driving vs. straight-line distance, TV viewing, projector throw, and more.
To calculate distance online between two geographic points, use our latitude longitude distance calculator — enter the latitude and longitude of both locations in decimal degrees (e.g., New York: 40.7128°N, -74.0060°W). The Haversine formula accounts for Earth's curvature: d = 2R × arcsin(√(sin²(Δlat/2) + cos(lat1)×cos(lat2)×sin²(Δlon/2))). This gives the exact straight line distance calculator result — the shortest path along Earth's surface, also called "as the crow flies." Our coordinate distance calculator shows the result in km, miles, meters, and nautical miles.
Our distance calculator calculates straight-line distance (crow fly distance) using the Haversine formula on coordinates — this is the true shortest distance between two points on Earth. The google map distance calculator (Google Maps) shows actual road/walking distances following real routes, which is always longer. For a driving distance calculator result, our tool multiplies the straight-line distance by 1.3 as an estimate. For exact calculate driving distance between two locations via real roads, the distance calculator google maps is the best tool. Our calculator complements Google Maps by providing the geographic baseline distance.
The TV viewing distance calculator and TV distance calculator is based on screen resolution and human visual acuity. For 4K Ultra HD: optimal viewing distance = screen size (inches) × 1.0 to 1.5. For 1080p Full HD: screen size × 1.5 to 2.5. For 8K: screen size × 0.75 to 1.0. Sitting closer than minimum wastes resolution detail your eyes can't distinguish at 1080p. Sitting farther than maximum loses immersion. Example: 65-inch 4K TV → minimum 3.5 feet, recommended 5.4–8.1 feet, maximum 12 feet.
The projector throw distance calculator and projector distance calculator formula: Throw Distance = Screen Width × Throw Ratio. For a 16:9 screen: Screen Width = Screen Diagonal × 0.872. Example: 120-inch screen → Width = 120 × 0.872 = 104.6 inches. Standard projector (throw ratio 1.5:1): 104.6 × 1.5 = 156.9 inches = 13.1 feet (3.99 m). Ultra short throw (0.5:1): 104.6 × 0.5 = 52.3 inches = 4.4 feet. Use the Projector mode in our projector throw distance calculator above to get your exact placement distance.
Pupillary distance (PD) measured by our pupillary distance calculator is the distance between your pupil centers in millimeters — needed for lens centering in eyeglasses. To measure: stand 8 inches from a mirror, hold a ruler against your forehead, close your right eye and align 0mm with your left pupil. Open your right eye, close your left eye, and read the measurement at your right pupil. This is your binocular PD. Average adult: 54–74mm (men ~64mm, women ~62mm). Our vertex distance calculator also shows the near PD (binocular PD − 3mm) used for reading glasses.
The golf club distance calculator estimates carry distance (yards) for each club using swing speed as the primary input. Driver formula: Carry ≈ Swing Speed (mph) × 2.3 to 2.5. Irons are calculated as percentages of driver distance: 3-iron ≈ 80%, 5-iron ≈ 70%, 7-iron ≈ 60%, 9-iron ≈ 50%, PW ≈ 42%. At 90 mph swing speed: Driver ≈ 216 yards, 5-iron ≈ 151 yards, 7-iron ≈ 130 yards, 9-iron ≈ 108 yards, PW ≈ 91 yards. These are carry distances — add 5–15 yards for roll on normal conditions.